what to do if you lay down and all the drainage is chocking you
Underground Drainage – How to lay and Install Cloak-and-dagger Drainage Pipes and Systems
How to guide providing underground drainage aid and advice and also looking at how to lay and install hush-hush drainage pipes and systems, what you need to consider when installing or replacing drainage pipes, the different types of pipework available, how to dig your trench and the condom requirements involved, how to backfill a trench and too what laws and regulations are involved.
If yous need to locate existing footing drainage runs on your belongings the outset identify to expect for assistance is your belongings deeds. These may accept information on them showing whatever existing runs of clandestine drainage or any changes that have been made over the years.
You lot volition as well need to notice out if your existing drainage was installed before or afterwards 1st of October 1937 with reference to the Public Health Act 1936. After that date, the police changed regarding who is responsible for the maintenance of these secret drainage sections. You do not want to be paying for repairs to drainage you are not responsible for!
Plastic bend used in underground drainage
If yous are installing new runs of hole-and-corner drainage or you are converting or changing existing "runs", you are legally required to inform your local Building Control Department. You lot will have to supply them with drawings of your proposed works and have your works inspected by a Building Control Officeholder.
If you are just replacing existing damaged Cloak-and-dagger Drainage you exercise not have to contact your Building Control Department.
T junction used in underground drainage
Selection of Pipes for Underground Drainage
There are many types of pipage bachelor for use with Cloak-and-dagger Drainage, such equally uPVC, concrete, vitrified clay, cast iron, glass fibre reinforced plastic (GRP) and asbestos. Some are not used anymore for obvious reasons. It is of import to note that underground drainage is always a brown colour while above basis drains are grey or black.
Most houses/properties in the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland have used two types of pipage work for underground drainage since the late 1970'southward, Clay & Plastic UPVC. The latter has go cheaper and more than popular.
In regions where there is, or might be, soil motility due to topography, atmospheric precipitation and climate, it is advisable to apply vitrified clay pipage. This form has more structural strength and is not so dependent on the dorsum fill up materials being the structural office of the cloak-and-dagger drainage arrangement, known as Class D bedding.
Joining the older clay pipes to newer plastic pipes can be achieved with a clay to plastic coupling shown on the left. This, and all other pipes etc, tin can be bought by clicking on the tool store images at the base of the page.
Clay to plastic pipe coupler
All plastic pipage runs must be incased in a 10mm pea shingle layer or fine gravel mix, earlier larger grade material can be placed on top for compacting and then receiving top layer of back make full.
Note: If you lot are replacing onetime damaged surreptitious drainage pipes, some building merchants will agree stock, or be able to acquire old regal sizes of piping piece of work. Conversion adaptors from purple to metric are also available.
Coupling for joining plastic bleed pipes together
The sections of pipe you will be using will be of two types; either direct connectedness or socket format i.e. male to female with the female department always beingness the lower office of the run.
Most modernistic pipe runs are now straight connection types incorporating a collar connector – Encounter below.
Male and female joints in drain pipes
What Types of Pipe to Utilize
Plastic Pipe (uPVC) 110mm
The obvious benefit of using plastic pipe is the ease of use, with it beingness lighter in weight and beingness able to acquire longer runs of pipe therefore needing less connectors. Plastic pipe comes in 3m and 6m lengths. Plastic pipe runs tin can be ridged and not allow much flexibility.
Underground drainage plastic pipe 110mm
Plastic pipage only requires the use of a hacksaw to cut the pipage. But don't exist fooled past this, sometimes it is hard to accomplish a direct cutting on a large diameter plastic pipe with a hacksaw. Information technology is often easier to utilize a inexpensive forest saw to achieve a straight cutting.
If you are installing plastic pipe work in the wintertime months, take your fourth dimension when cut pipe as information technology will be more brittle because of the lower temperatures and therefore will be more prone to fracture or smashing.
You will need to file down the cut edge anyway to create a chamfer to ease the acceptance of the connector with a lubricant; a elementary action as shown in the pdf supporting this project at the bottom. Many drain layers use fairy liquid as a lubricant for joining pipes but we recommend you lot use a proprietary chemical compound.
The cheapness of plastic pipage can sometimes be misleading as you volition incur higher costs with the specified back fill materials compared to the back fill materials required for dirt pipe sections.
Vitrified Clay Pipe:(100mm)
This can be purchased in lengths upwards to 2m long, is heavier in weight and more stable to work with than plastic. Information technology requires cheaper costing materials for support and dorsum filling and is making a big play on its greener credentials in the procedure of manufacturing compared to plastic pipe. This is making clay pipe very pop with large construction projects and companies.
Clay pipes for surreptitious drainage
Other benefits of dirt pipe are that it is more than stable under pressure from soil weight mass from higher up and has a taste not enjoyed by the rodent society dissimilar plastic pipe! It can besides withstand more than modernistic methods of high pressure level hugger-mugger piping cleaning, that plastic cannot.
However, VCP requires more substantial cutting tools, such as clay pipe cutters. These wrap around the pipe and increment even pressure till they produce a straight fracture cut and fifty-fifty motor skill saws or grinders can be used to create a straight cutting. When using a loftier speed cut device, extreme care should always exist taken.
Cut clay pipes with a chain cutter
Extra care when cutting is needed as clay pipe can be frail before being installed.
As with plastic pipes, lubrication will exist needed to aid the connecting of sections and connectors together when using clay pipe. These come in either fluid and jelly form.
Digging a Trench for Underground Drainage
Earlier any pipage laying can continue y'all volition take to dig your trench. Information technology is all-time non to dig your proposed trench too far in advance of your pipe laying. Overnight pelting and weather could cause your trench to collapse or fill with rain water and unless you have a sump hole pre dug, this may halt whatsoever works.
Shoring up a trench for working in
Safety Requirements for Trench Digging
- If your trench is deeper than 1200mm (4ft) it must exist shored upwards by law !
- Never work in trenches on your own
- Do non take your trench open up for also long, sides may collapse or make full with rain water
- Brand certain your dug trench is fenced off from people, children and pets
- Go on your trench widths to a minimum width to stop sides collapsing (300mm plus width of trench)
- Do non dig trenches in bad weather
- Don't stand up close to edge of the trench and if y'all tin not shore up, ramp the top of the trench back at 45 degrees to stay safe
If you are laying a straight run of pipage piece of work you will have a get-go point and finish indicate of your run. Y'all can connect a string line between these ii points which will give you lot a right guide to how much base bedding you need to place in your trench before you start laying pipe work.
More modern ways of checking levels/gradient tin be checked with the use of a laser level or other leveling instrument.
Minimum gradient requirements:
- Surface water drainage = i:100 (10mm fall in height per metre of run)
- Foul water drainage = 1:40 (1:80 if WC connected) (25mm acme autumn per metre)
- Laying a run of pipage work is a unproblematic repetitive procedure every bit follows;
- Lubricate connector and pipe
- Button connector onto pipe
- Lubricate receiving connector and open end of pipe
- Button adjacent length of pipe into connector
What Depth Should Underground Drainage Pipes be Laid at?
There is no minimum depth stipulated simply because there is always an "end point" where each pipe discharges.
It is the depth of this end point that governs the depth of every access bedchamber leading to information technology.
Access Points Required to New Hush-hush Drainage Run
When ever y'all are installing a new run of underground drainage you will need to have inspection chambers, manholes, roding eyes and admission fittings so that any blockages can be accessed and removed.
Inspection chamber required where pipes change direction
These items must be installed to permit access at such points of your new hugger-mugger drainage if:
- Head of your new run
- Any change in direction
- Increase or decrease of piping size
- Any junction in your new drainage run that can non be accessed from another point of access
Rodding centre or access bend for underground drainage
There is no specific distance stipulated between manholes other than no part of a piping should be more 50m away from an inspection bedroom.
Information technology is good practice, where the maximum manhole altitude is to be deployed, to install rodding eyes, at every 22m or so.
This means that all pipes can exist accessed from at least ane location every 22-25m where blockages tin exist pushed into an access sleeping accommodation.
Backfilling Your Trench
Once yous have completed the installation of your new Underground Drainage run and it has been tested for possible leaks, yous can start the process of dorsum filling your trench with the utilise of the correct materials:
For Plastic Surreptitious Drainage Pipe use….
Y'all will already take 10mm pea shingle or 14-5mm graded shingle as your bedding for your plastic pipe covering upwardly to the meridian of your plastic piping.
You volition demand to lay a 100mm covering of selected fill up or granular textile adjacent when back filling your trench and finally filling with a layer of selected dorsum fill consisting of no stones over 40mm, no clay over 100mm clumps and no frozen material.
The last layer tin exist compacted as it is laid in the trench.
For Clay Secret Drainage Pipe apply….
Again, y'all volition have the bedding layer of shingle or graded shingle which your clay piping run volition be sitting in.
Y'all exercise not take to completely comprehend your clay pipe with this layer. A minimum covering of half mode upwards the dirt pipe will suffice.
You can then consummate your back fill with selected make full consisting of no stones over 40mm, no clay lumps over 100mm and no organic matter or frozen materials.
Annotation: Pipes laid at depths less than 600mm and which are not under a road should, where necessary, be protected confronting harm past placing over them a layer of concrete, paving slabs or similar. A minimum 75mm cushioning layer of granular material must be laid between pipes and the slabs or concrete.
For clarification; where necessary means where the pipe is in any kind of danger of being broken or disturbed. Disturbance, cracks and breakages tin can cause build upwardly and blockage.
Source: https://www.diydoctor.org.uk/projects/underground-drainage.htm
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